Operations and maintenance physical facilities purdue. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content introduction mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a lower temperature heat source or substance and transferring it to a higher temperature heat sink. In order to minimize equipment problems and potential shutdowns, every arena must have a refrigeration equipment maintenance program, regardless of the length of the operating season. If an owner expects his refrigeration equipment to perform reliably for many years, preventive maintenance is a necessity. Ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance. Sections 2, 4 and 6 and appendix b discuss the relationships between the hvac system and indoor air quality. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. The evaluation resulted that the ventilated dunkle cycle is the most efficient in terms of high cop system. The two main types of hazardous refrigerants used in vessel. Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick background this guide identifies and discusses best practices for making industrial refrigeration systems both energyefficient and productive. Apprenticeship and industry training system industrydriven albertas apprenticeship and industry training system is an industrydriven system that ensures a highly skilled, internationally competitive workforce in more than 50 designated trades and occupations. Preventative maintenance for heating, cooling and refrigeration systems.
The maintenance department has the prime responsibility for buildingequipment maintenance based on specific areas of responsibilities. Check contactors for proper operation and for state of contact points. Librwater absorption refrigeration systems have a coefficient of performance cop in the range of 0. Reducing lift by raising suction or lowering discharge pressure increases compressor efficiency.
The advice in this guide is relevant to typical heating. Quality maintenance of commercial refrigeration systems required inspection and maintenance for equipment found in supermarkets, convenience stores, food service, and warehouses the refrigeration systems is one of the largest users of energy in your building. Identify and record the refrigeration systems inventory of equipment, controls, components, and accessories. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Safety, comfort, functionality, efficiency, and aesthetics are the guiding principles. Fundamentals of hvac controls the application of heating, ventilating, and airconditioning hvac controls starts with an understanding of the building and the use of the spaces to be conditioned and controlled. Working on the 944 ac system is no different than working on any other automotive ac system. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration by shan k. Refrigeration systems installation, operation and maintenance instructions table of contents installation 2 7 wall mounted systems 2 3 general instructions 2 3 freezer models 100 and 150 or cooler model 075 3 ceiling mounted systems 4 6 general instructions 4 5 outdoor systems utilizing a membrane roof 5 6. Apply to general maintenance, senior maintenance person, refrigeration technician and more. Notice the 30 degrees of liquid subcooling backed up in the condenser. The suction line and its components must be selected and installed with extreme care. Gases that are released from ac system into the atmosphere due to leaks and wrong maintenance practices that have been considered toxic result in many environmental complications, dealing with these gases refrigerants is considered essential.
Overcharged system table 1 shows an r4a refrigeration system with an overcharge of refrigerant. This is achieved by using a substance called a refrigerant, which absorbs heat and hence boils or evaporates at a low pressure to form. Measurement data reports can be emailed directly as a pdf or excel file. If you as the refrigeration engineer had no criteria, constraints, direction, etc. The work required includes repair, parts replacement and maintenance of refrigeration systems components. Also covered in this chapter are the methods used for installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment, including domestic refrigerators and freezers. Short description apprenticeships for occupations in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry are designed to meet the competence requirements of the industry. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle. Vapour compression machines, usually with electrically driven compressors, are the most commonly used machines for refrigeration and air conditioning for temperatures ranging from 25 c to 70 c. All control systems operate in accordance with few basic principles but before we discuss these, lets address. The different stages in the refrigeration cycle are undergone in these physical systems. Preventative maintenance is a planned activity to clean, inspect, and test heating, cooling, and refrigeration equipment to ensure they run efficiently, reliably, and have a long service life. Air conditioning and refrigeration troubleshooting handbook pdf. November 2015 quality maintenance of commercial refrigeration.
Refrigeration system selection question that was asked. Owners and operators of mechanical refrigeration systems are encouraged to contact unless otherwise stated, all csa b52 mechanical refrigeration codes. Ammonia refrigeration systems with 10,000 pounds or more of ammonia are a covered process subject to the requirements of the process safety management standard 29 cfr 1910. The same way happens with suction return where multiple lineups merge into main return line to the system. The highest levels of efficiency in these systems are achieved through a. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. Hvac preventive maintenance schedules and checklists pdf. System sizing is required for different sites and locations. Describe the stages of heat theory and the principles involved in heat transfer, and recognize various components of refrigeration systems and their application. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes.
Printed in specifications subject to replaces issue part in u. The co2 simply line is designed for midsize commercial refrigeration plant. The suction line must be sized for high enough refrigeration velocity to assure good oil return, and low enough pressure drop to prevent excessive system capacity loss. Service and maintenance technicians private company servicemaintenance managers.
Ammonia refrigeration etool occupational safety and. When equipment constantly breaks down or doesnt perform to expectations, its often because there has never been any preventive maintenance only emergency service. When the term ammonia refrigeration system or ammonia refrigeration plant is used it means an ammonia vapor compression system. Ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance 3. A definitive reference source on the design, choice and operation of air condition and refrigeration frameworks. The main service is for the refrigeration plant compressors, supported by a complete systems check, brine analysis and safety devices testing. This portion of the checklist describes the minimum tasks required for most major pieces of commercial equipment.
It is intended that this chapter be used as a general reference source and that in all cases, recommended practices issued by equipment manufacturers and suppliers take precedence over these. Part 1 5 the second is a publicly documented, formal procedure. With use of good maintenance practices and water quality control, all of the tubes tested are. Part 1 fundamentals of refrigeration part 2 refrigeration system components part 3 the refrigeration load part 4 system design part 5 installation and service the installation and service information is intended as a guide to good installation practice. Automatic controls for industrial refrigeration systems.
It features high levels of efficiency and reliability in all operating conditions, thanks to redundancy circuits and interception valves for maintenance. Air conditioning and refrigeration troubleshooting handbook pdf title of the book. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. Strategies for increasing the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems fall into seven major categories. For all measurements involving heating, airconditioning, refrigeration and ventilation systems. Optimization of heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. Applications engineering manual chiller system design and control. Split air conditioning preventive maintenance checklists forms pdf. We feel this combined effort is providing an effective plant maintenance program. Recognize the characteristics and procedures required to service and troubleshoot rcfri gerat ion systems. Epa requires proper refrigerant management practices by those who buy or sell refrigerant, technicians, owners and operators of ac and refrigeration systems, and others. Vapour absorption refrigeration machines, wherein heat energy is consumed, are being increasingly used.
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. Quality maintenance of commercial refrigeration systems required inspection and maintenance for equipment found in supermarkets, convenience stores, food service, and warehouses the refrigeration system s is one of the largest users of energy in your building. Whether youre an hvac or mechanical engineer, technician, or student, providing an effective controlled environment through air conditioning and refrigeration technology is now within reach. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Compressor start staging delay for multiple ac systems moisture mode cycle for humidity control deicing feature to prevent evaporator icing blank display for nighttime operation this manual is intended to provide the information necessary to ensure proper installation, operation, and maintenance of the unit. Reducing system lift refrigeration system lift is the difference between suction pressure and discharge pressure. Fully revisited to cover the latest techniques, tools, refrigerants, and equipment, air conditioning and refrigeration, second edition, provides a thorough introduction to the basic principles and practices of the ac and refrigeration industry. Mechanical integrity inspections for ammonia refrigeration. Hazards during the repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems on vessels the repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems can present hazards to both workers servicing these systems and those in the general area. System designers may get the most use from this manual by familiarizing. Some pdf files are protected by digital rights management. Many of these requirements are identified in this etool as possible controls and are useful as recommended practices whether or not the ammonia refrigeration system is a covered process. In opting for solarpowered refrigerators, it is important to note that special parameters need to be considered prior to introducing them.
Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration in pdf file. Part 1 fundamentals of refrigeration part 2 refrigeration system components part 3 the refrigeration load part 4. Methods of installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment and maintaining, servicing, and repairing domestic refrigerators and freezers are also covered in this chapter. Although each separate part covers a specific area of refrigeration theory and practice, each successive publication presumes a basic understanding of the material presented in the previous sections. Refrigeration system iiar bulletin 110 guidelines for startup, inspection and maintenance of ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems ansiiiar standard 2 equipment, design, and installation of ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems ansiasme b31. Removereplace evaporator pressure regulator valve 107 evacuatecharge a commercial befrigeration system 108 clean system after burn out 109 calculate heat load of walkin cooler 111 troubelshoot commercial refrigeration system 12 water coolers. These guidelines apply to vapor compression refrigeration systems using ammonia as a refrigerant. Conventional battery powered bps refrigeration systems or solar direct drive sdd refrigeration systems.
Period of time that uv lamps are powered on before being put into service, typically 100 h. Hazards during the repair and maintenance of refrigeration. Carroll county public schools has developed and implemented such a plan. Ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance 5.
Vienna, karachi, sao paulo, shanghai, and adelaide. This apprenticeship framework document contains six occupation framework pathways at two different levels. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. Note the testo 115i, 549i, and 605i smart probes now have an extended bluetooth range of up to 350 feet. Airborne particles formed from evaporation of fluids emitted from infected hosts when they cough, sneeze, or talk. This type of refrigeration system can be used for refrigerators, inside the air conditioners as split air conditioners, and separate as in radiant cooling systems 3,4 and airtoair systems 1. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 1 chapter 1. Commercial buildings offer opportunities for companies to reduce energy use that, according to engineering analyses, should save them money while also lowering greenhouse gas ghg.
Ecofriendly operation and maintenance of supermarkets. Describe items in need of attention major mechanical equipment preventive maintenance pm plan in use. After first year of operation and under normal usage, maintenance should cover the following items at least once every six months. We would like to get a consultants perspective on the entire refrigeration system and design process. A case study of supermarket refrigeration system investment decisions heather klemick, elizabeth kopits, and ann wolverton1, 2 abstract. Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration authors. Guidelines for ammonia refrigeration plant equipment. A distributed refrigeration system figure 12, usually on the roof, provides multiple racks placed close to specific loads casesevaporators, having a main liquid supply can feed multiple lineups inside the store.
Wang is one of the best refrigeration and air conditioning books. Service and maintenance technicians private company service maintenance managers private company managers involved in developing their. The mission of femp is to facilitate the federal governments implementation of sound, cost. Simply co2 transcritical rack systems refrigeration systems. Installation and table of contents operation manual. Apr 23, 2018 the goal of this maintenance plan is to maintain campuses within the region that effectively represent the quality of the programs housed in its buildings.
Trgtrc018en 1 notes period one dissecting hvac systems the goal of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning hvac system is to create and maintain a comfortable environment within a building. Download it for free in pdf format using following links. Appendix 1 safe maintenance of refrigeration systems 35 appendix 2 check lists to secure the safety of an ammonia refrigeration system 40. Zones maintenance is responsible for the maintenance of plumbing, electrical, carpetry, refrigeration and indoor air quality, indoor air handling systems, drinking fountains and classrooms.